John Stuart Mills: Utilitarianism

MyeBooks 20180410-2214
Mills-Utilitarianism-ajk.txt (* txt -> HTML)
2,107,107,phi,eng,20161012,20161021,4,John Stuart Mills: Utilitarianism
20161012-20161021, 107 pages, 4* SalesInfo o eng

MyeBooks BookMenu

1.	Sisällysluettelo	Contents	Содержание	(1,2,3,4,5)
2.	Muistiinpanot	Highlights	Примечание	h
3.	Kirjanmerkit	Bookmarks	Закладка	b
4.	Yhteenvedot	Reviews	Резюме	###
5.	Huomautukset	Remarks	Замечания	@@@

Sisällysluettelo Contents Содержание (Code: (1,2,3,4,5))

438	0001	General Remarks
7	0002	What Utilitarianism Is
38	0003	Of the Ultimate Sanction of the Principle of Utility
51	0004	Of What Sort of Proof the Principle of Utility Is Susceptible
62	0005	On the Connexion Between Justice and Utility

Pagetop

Muistiinpanot Highlights Примечание (Code: h)

1 (51)
The utilitarian doctrine is, that happiness is desirable, and the only thing desirable, as an end; all other things being only desirable as means to that end.
2 (56)
Happiness is not an abstract idea, but a concrete whole; and these are some of its parts.
3 (61)
But if this doctrine be true, the principle of utility is proved. Whether it is so or not, must now be left to the consideration of the thoughtful reader.
4 (64)
justice, like many other moral attributes, is best defined by its opposite
5 (66)
When, however, a law is thought to be unjust, it seems always to be regarded as being so in the same way in which a breach of law is unjust, namely, by infringing somebody’s right; which, as it cannot in this case be a legal right, receives a different appellation, and is called a moral right. We may say, therefore, that a second case of injustice consists in taking or withholding from any person that to which he has a moral right.
6 (69)
Some Communists consider it unjust that the produce of the labour of the community should be shared on any other principle than that of exact equality; others think it just that those should receive most whose needs are greatest; while others hold that those who work harder, or who produce more, or whose services are more valuable to the community, may justly claim a larger quota in the division of the produce. And the sense of natural justice may be plausibly appealed to in behalf of every one of these opinions.
7 (84)
No rule on this subject recommends itself so strongly to the primitive and spontaneous sentiment of justice, as the lex talionis, an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.
8 (85)
To take another example from a subject already once referred to. In a co-operative industrial association, is it just or not that talent or skill should give a title to superior remuneration?
9 (92)
rules necessary to enable them to fulfil their double function, of inflicting punishment when due, and of awarding to each person his right.
10 (92)
rules necessary to enable them to fulfil their double function, of inflicting punishment when due, and of awarding to each person his right.
11 (92)
Bentham’s dictum, ‘everybody to count for one, nobody for more than one,’
12 (94)
The entire history of social improvement has been a series of transitions, by which one custom or institution after another, from being a supposed primary necessity of social existence, has passed into the rank of an universally stigmatized injustice and tyranny.
13 (95)
Justice remains the appropriate name for certain social utilities which are vastly more important, and therefore more absolute and imperative, than any others are as a class (though not more so than others may be in particular cases); and which, therefore, ought to be, as well as naturally are, guarded by a sentiment not only different in degree, but also in kind; distinguished from the milder feeling which attaches to the mere idea of promoting human pleasure or convenience, at once by the more definite nature of its commands, and by the sterner character of its sanctions.
Pagetop

Kirjanmerkit Bookmarks Закладка (Code: b)

1	20161012	+50p	=50p	47%	************************
2	20161019	+11p	=61p	57%	****************************
3	20161021	+34p	=95p	89%	********************************************

Pagetop

Yhteenvedot Reviews Резюме (Code: ###)

John Stuart Mills: Utilitarianism
2,107,107,phi,eng,20161012,20161021,4,John Stuart Mills: Utilitarianism
20161012-20161021, 107 pages, 4* SalesInfo o eng

Justice as utility

Or actually vice versa, utility applied properly in the society turns out, boils down to justice. Justice, in its turn, takes a wide variety of disguises, from the lex talionis, as we are taught the name of the old principle: an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth to the various notions of justful taxation. The former has been abandoned in the present Western societies, and the latter continuously debated. Generally accepted is the principle of progressive taxation, which is mild for small earnings and severe for big. But equally it is accepted as justice and seen utilitarian that talent and diligency are remunerated more than lazyness and ineffectiveness.

But could it not be so that all earnings give the same proportion to government for justful redistribution and let the market of supply and demand determine the justful earnings. Or could'nt the taxation be completely separated from personal earnings and paid from revenue of product entering the market? This notion of faceless taxation I have not seen anywhere else, so may consider my own utopian contribution to the idea of justful taxation.

And what is the utility itself? The utilitarian doctrine is, that happiness is desirable, and the only thing desirable, as an end; all other things being only desirable as means to that end. Happiness is not an abstract idea, but a concrete whole; and these are some of its parts. But if this doctrine be true, the principle of utility is proved.
20161021

Pagetop

Huomautukset Remarks Замечания (Code: @@@)

No Remarks Pagetop

Mills-Utilitarianism-ajk.txt o MyeBooks o 20161012-20161021, 107 pages, 4* SalesInfo o eng

Asko Korpela 20180410 (20110710) o Ajk homepage o WebMaster
AA o BB o CC o DD o EE